A cardinal κ is a Berkeley cardinal， if for any transitive set M with κ∈M and any ordinal α＜κ there is an elementary embedding j:M?M with α＜ crit j ＜κ.These cardinals are defined in the context of ZF set theory without the axiom of choice.
The Berkeley cardinals were defined by W. Hugh Woodin in about 1992 at his set-theory seminar in Berkeley， with J. D. Hamkins， A. Lewis， D. Seabold， G. Hjorth and perhaps R. Solovay in the audience， among others， issued as a challenge to refute a seemingly over-strong large cardinal axiom. Nevertheless， the existence of these cardinals remains unrefuted in ZF.
If there is a Berkeley cardinal， then there is a forcing extension that forces that the least Berkeley cardinal has cofinality ω. It seems that various strengthenings of the Berkeley property can be obtained by imposing conditions on the cofinality of κ(The larger cofinality， the stronger theory is believed to be， up to regular κ). If κ is Berkeley and a，κ∈M for M transitive， then for any α＜κ， there is a j:M?M with α＜ crit j ＜κ and j(a)=a.
A cardinal κ is called proto-Berkeley if for any transitive M?κ， there is some j:M?M with crit j＜κ. More generally， a cardinal is α-proto-Berkeley if and only if for any transitive set M?κ， there is some j:M?M with α＜crit j＜κ， so that if δ≥κ，δ is also α-proto-Berkeley. The least α-proto-Berkeley cardinal is called δα.
We call κ a club Berkeley cardinal if κ is regular and for all clubs C?κ and all transitive sets M with κ∈M there is j∈E(M) with crit(j)∈C.
We call κ a limit club Berkeley cardinal if it is a club Berkeley cardinal and a limit of Berkeley cardinals.
Relations
If κ is the least Berkeley cardinal， then there is γ＜κ such that (Vγ，Vγ+1)?ZF2+“There is a Reinhardt cardinal witnessed by j and an ω-huge above κω(j)”(Vγ，Vγ+1)?ZF2+“There is a Reinhardt cardinal witnessed by j and an ω-huge above κω(j)”.
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